A Story From the village veil

In 2000 I had a new neighbor. He's open style, I mean in terms of dress. Dikenankannya knee-high pants, and his shirt was "Can you see". Orangya are white and slender. When he entered keperkampungan hijab, she felt herself very scarce. Call aja name Anne (a pseudonym).

"Now you're covered. If I may know what caused it? "I casually asked Anne after both returned from studying the Koran.

"Khan you know, once auratku open. But when I form the citizens of this ward, I like myself feel inferior. "He smiles as he mensejajari fee that is fast pace. Time indicates hours of 6 pm, I had to get home before sunset arrived.

Anne was diligent in following the routine assessment in the village. When we learn to improve tajwid ngaji us, so he did not want to miss. Subhanallah! From a woman who did not understand Islam was finally serious about improving themselves.

Anne was lucky, because it can reach the guidance of Allah SWT Conversely, there was a woman, who has joined several years on a routine assessment, but it still not able to cover the private parts in full. When positioned on the front porch of his house, scarf forgotten.

Factors affecting Anne's friend, but not with others. There are some residents in the villages untouched by the hijab as guidance. They only cover the private parts when attending informal gatherings or invitation. Other than that? Of course, like most women in clothes.

When I got home from attending Ta'lim in the daytime, I saw Asni (a pseudonym) was sitting on her front porch. It came to mind: "Why are women istiqomah this one yet." I can only pray, hope that routine assessment fixed follow him lakoni. That's all I can do.

Asni is slowly but surely, began to abandon the veil. Friendship to begin his immediate neighbors do without jilbab.Hasilnya? She resigned from the world of assessment with a lot of excuses. Allaah knows best, if God did not give instructions to someone, then we were not able to change it. So even though we wanted.

Remembered about the discourse of a religious teacher: "This step is a little devil, but surely. This means that humans began to tempt him from the most mild. Until human beings in the teased do not feel have done an kemungkaran. Slowly but surely, indicate what the devil is iqtiqomah effort until the goal accomplished ".

The same two women lived in the village of "hijab", it was not the same in response to their environment. I remembered the texts of Imam Al-Gazali in his book Ihya Ulumuddin that: "The human heart is like a mirror. Hidayah Allah S.W.T in light suppose. So, if the mirror is dirty, Hence any bright light will not be able to penetrate the mirror. "

Hidayah Apparently God always shines over the period, but needed to find a state we must have. As was in supposing by Imam Al-Gazali, our hearts must be clean as a mirror that has been cleaned. Indeed necessary to achieve that, a strong will and consciousness.
Because we know that this heart will always be dirty, especially in these days which is a versatile time allowed. Each person can express himself in a dress. We can also see on the television should be forbidden, to appear in this Muslim-majority country.

So true, if Allah SWT has said: "Really lucky people who cleanse the soul." I forgot the verses but these words made me realize, and give a meaning to myself, that this heart needs a continuous cleaning, so that God's guidance our easy handheld. Amen.

Teardrop Pearls

One day a young mussels on the seabed complained and complained to her mother for a grain of sand entered the body of a sharp red and soft.

"My son," his mother said in tears, "God does not give us, the nation's oysters, a hand too, so that she can not help you."

The mother paused, momentarily, "I know that my son was sick. But accept it as a natural destiny. Be of good cheer. Do not get too frisky again. Muster a sense of passion against a biting ache and pain. Balutlah sand it with the sap of your stomach. Only that which can you do ", his mother said with a wistful and gentle.

Children shells did her mother's advice. No results, but sometimes the pain is still felt. Sometimes in the midst of his pain, he doubted his mother's advice. With tears he survived, many years.

But, unwittingly, a pearl begins to form in the flesh. Increasingly refined. The pain was reduced. And the greater the longer the pearl. The pain became even more natural.

Finally after so many years, large pearl, shiny intact, and expensive even with a perfectly formed. Misery turned into a pearl, her tears turn into very valuable. Himself now, as a result of suffering for many years, is worth more than a million others are just shells of people as a shellfish stew eaten by the roadside.

**********

The above story is a paradigm that the suffering is the exponent of transcendental aisle to make "ordinary shells" to "exceptional shellfish." Because it can be emphasized that the disappointment and suffering can change the "common man" to "extraordinary man".

Many people who quit when he was in the hallway transcendental, because they can not stand the ordeal they experienced. There are two options that could in fact they belong: a `shell normal 'person, or be eaten oysters produce pearls`'. Unfortunately, more people are taking the first option, so no surprise if the number of people who succeed are fewer than those that `ordinary '.

Maybe this time we are experiencing rejection, disappointment, heartbreak, or injured because the people around you try to keep smiling and keep it running in the hallway, and while you say in your heart ..

"My tears and suffering .. God reckoned it would transform myself into a pearl."

Hopefully .....

Love & Beauty

"Can I see my baby?" pleaded a mother who just gave birth to full happiness. When the arms were moved to his hand and he opened the blanket that wrapped the tiny baby boy's face, his mother was holding her breath. The doctor who stayed with him immediately turned looking out the window toward the hospital. The baby was born without both his ears! Time proved that the baby's hearing has now grown into a child's working perfectly. Only the appearance that looks strange and ugly.

One day the boy rushed home to the house and buried her face in her mother's arms crying. She knows her son's life is full of disappointments and tragedies. The boy sobbed, saying, A great boys make fun of me. He says I'm this weird creature. "

The boy grew up. He is quite handsome with a disability. Jonathan loved his school friends. He also developed his talent in music and writing. He wanted to be class president. His mother warned, "you will not be hanging out with other teens?" However, in the heart of the mother felt sorry for him.

One day the boy's father met with a doctor who could transplant her ear. "I believe I can move a pair of ears for him. But there must be someone who is willing to donate his ear," said the doctor.

Then the boy's parents began looking for anyone who wants to sacrifice on their ears and mendonorkannya. Several months passed. And it's time they called his son, "Son, someone who did not want to be known has been willing to donate his ears to you. We must be immediately sent to hospital for surgery. However, this is all very secret." the father said.

Operation running successfully. A man born barupun. Great musical talent who became a genius. He also received many awards from her school. Some time later he married and worked as a diplomat. She met her father, "Well, I must know who are willing to sacrifice wherewith it all to me. He has berbuatsesuatu huge, but I did not return the favor."

His father replied, "I'm sure you will not be able to repay her kindness of people who have given that ear." After a moment's pause her father continued, "In accordance with the agreement, it is not time for you to know all these secrets."

Years passed. Both the man's parents still keep a secret. Until one day it was a sad moment for the family. On that day the father and son were standing alongside the coffin of his mother has just died. With perlahandan soft hair caressed her father's body lying kakuitu mother, then menyibaknya so obvious that the mother did not have ears. "She once said that he was delighted to be extending his hair," whispered his father. "And no one realizes that he has lost little beauty is not it?"

True beauty lies not in appearance but in the hearts of the body. Real treasure lies not in what can be seen, but on what can not be seen. True love does not lie in what has been done and known, but on what has been done but not known

Beauty Asthma

The wind caressed her face, feel the cool greeting that morning. The sky was still covered with gray peep shyly at the sun.

Jahrah opened her bedroom window just after prayers this morning. She breathed softly, her face flushed in front of the window.

"How sempurnya the Creator of this nature!". His voice sounded like a whisper softly from the heavenly, he was very impressed.

"Was I left behind again?" His eyes were searching. He looked at the sky starts burning, the sky was no longer appears grim. The sun had accompanied him.

Natural habit to greet each morning, was less complete when not catch a bunch of birds that fly across the yard. This morning he felt a little void. Sparrows usually always sang to him.

"Maybe tomorrow I can see it again." Swing step out of the room. Her husband looks fresh. After bathing, apparently. I smell her favorite perfume.

Jahrah widen the steps, afraid to be late to the kitchen. "Some of this week I often make fried rice. Create a special aja ya? "Jahrah muttering to himself.

His hands are nimble to make an omelet of egg mixed with corn on the cob. Not to forget she burned buttered bread. Small humming Aa Gym, who sang his song titled "Keep the Heart".

When he saw the washing machine kitchen corner near the bathroom door, she rushed to set foot in and pressing the "ON". Last night he forgot to wash clothes. Jahrah very grateful with the progress of technology is now a very helpful work. Cooking can be done while washing clothes at a time.

Jahrah set the table to eat as neat as possible, set it before omlet dipiring green sheets matching with the green dining room table as well. PIringnnya rather wide, dihiasinya red fresh tomato pieces around the plate. Do not forget the celery leaf ditaburkannya omlet over her husband's favorite.

Warm toast, plus a warm fragrant tea, made him eager to eat his breakfast. Accompanied by his wife, who had replaced her kitchen with clothes clothes neatly.

Do not want to lose Jahrah neatly with her husband's coworkers are women. They must be neat and fragrant in her husband's office. Therefore Jahrah never forget to spray a little perfume, so he felt comfortable with him.

"Trim's honey", said Aaron, her husband said, kissing her forehead. Aaron loved his wife. Aaron really appreciate the attention his wife who always makes her feel comfortable. Dirangkulnya long ... though do not want to let go of his arms. Feeling green leaves of morning dew drops, giving coolness, calmness, in the sense of a supremely delicious.


--------------- ------------- Ooo

Aaron arrived at the office with a feeling of comfort. Tranquillity is not in getting away. His wife was always reminded of prayer, and was always told: "Bang, remember if you work is worship. It's not merely want to get the material. "His heart was always cool and grateful wife sholeha bestowed. There's not a regret in the choice, although many colleagues who disagree.

Entering his office, saying he did not forget the praise and gratitude to His presence, thankful for a safe journey and safe in the workplace.

"Hi .. see Aaron nih! His friend noticed it and looked at the clock on the wall's office waiting room. Promptly at 8 am!

His friend was always teased because Aaron was too "on time" hours of work. The arrival promptly at 8. Home was at 4 pm, right!

"You're like a robot aja, years to come and go as if using a remote control!" Rame! His friend joked at a luncheon together at the office.

"Remote control tuh hell! So people should not ngaret! Come and go home on time, indicating the maximum I have been working. Imagine all of you, every day of overtime continues. Pity that at home, can cape'nya aja. Yes what?! By Aaron mencounter chuckled behind his interlocutor.

His friends still, they already know how belagunya the Harunn. Aaron seriusan figure in the works. For business looking for istripun he includes a very selective basis. Hence the age of 35 years can only be of interest.

"You do not have one choose? Many of the more beautiful. For example Amy, Ninning, Jamilah and .... "Bakri stumbled almost falling. Aaron pushed him a little stronger, to stop him.

"You do something? Cewe-cewe period so that in sodorin cheap! No dimintapun they come. I'm a man who likes challenges and original. Not like those who make up a thickness of one meter, the less fabric clothing, bicarapun sizzling! "Monyong demonstrate Aaron lip-girl flirty girl is talking about it.

Aaron remembers when she decided to marry Jahrah, many discordant tones that questioned the choice of Aaron.

"You're a eksektuif khan?, Why choose a wife who face or mediocre performance?."

Aaron usually just smile with those questions. He felt no need to explain that his wife made him get guidance. His wife was able to transmit the spirit to always improve themselves, reminded to always grateful for anything they own.

"Why are you guys on the rest of my choice? I would marry it! "He pointed to his chest, Aaron smile.

"Huh ... virgin ting-ting!" Simultaneously, his voice giving a reply.

Understandably, his friends all at the wedding. Aaron Affairs to find a mate for all the compact. Compact to compare, where a suitable girl for him. It seems all the trouble to assess: Is there a family that was a girl: Her friend had a friend who was a girl, or crawl around the house. Like the people who will campaign aja tuh.

"In this world there's only one place that I always miss!" With a serious expression on his face he glared at her office friends.

"... Ye ne it, everyone already knows, you're a homebody. Want to keep ngemong wife! "

Ooo --------------- ---------------

"I'm ready to welcome my husband!" Jahrah attention to his appearance. Circling in front of the mirror. Then a bit pensive. His face was pale, implied in anxiety.

"My face started to twitch. There are small wrinkles at the corners of his eyes. "With dismay she began to touch her. He felt the aging start coming. There are doubts that deep. There was a pause. Do not know what to do.

He knew, his friends noticed her husband was very detailed. When the event gathered together, as if Jahrah wanted jumped on him. The desire to unite, to permeate unfriendly stares. There is a pinch of cuts in the recesses of his heart.

Sometimes she felt sorry for Aaron. He repeatedly refused to various reasons, but Aaron was always able to make the subject with desire.

When the phone rings, direct Jahrah reached for the phone that has been placed at the front desk. Brown circular desk dialas round green cloth made of teak wood.

"Wa'alaikum greetings", Jahrah answer the phone with his legs stretched out leisurely floor terrace, which is made of a light green tiles that ornament was given little flowers of yellow and red mixed.

"I'm sorry bu, if the afternoon I could not", replied gently Jahrah to deny the request emergency meeting mothers majlis informal gatherings in their environment.

"I'm sorry mother, I could not attend. My husband has not come! "By gentle Jahrah rejected.

If away from home, she would always ask her husband's blessing. Feelings would be dismayed if he is not sure he allows it.

"Assalamu'alaykum", Aaron approached her and embraced her shoulder.

"My angel, welcome kandamu this tired. Treat this willing heart! "Smile Aaron widened when he saw a little Jahrah manyun.

"Ah ... just come, because I'm godain! Shame to hear the kids. "Finally Jahrah lip chap again. Fresh smile. Her face was glowing afternoon light reflected off a good-bye.

There is freshness to his wife this afternoon and make tired as if lost. This is what always longed for. Wife welcomed home. Fragrant again!

Usual jealous people say things in the household. Jealousy is a flavor to the monotony of intimacy. Jealousy once again needed to be able to survive through an ark called the household.

Jealousy need exists and needs to be managed. Warmth, affection, especially in love with the pair can still bloom. Like plants that must always be watered, pruned stems that interfere, replace the soil more fertile for growth.

For business jealousy, Jahrah far from being that. He types a woman who always speaks with facts. People say, women always speak with your heart, then Jahrah exception.

Jealousy is sometimes present when her husband briefly chatted with a beautiful woman nearby. Her husband's colleagues do not seem to have the ugly in his eyes. They are all elegant and professional. Than him? A homebody, what can be proud of? But kecemburuanya can be transferred appropriately.

In early marriage, Jahrah experienced unwanted jealousy. Like the eyes of the spear that would not escape from the solar plexus. In, bleed! Taken into tears silently.

"Why would I? Why am I crying? What's wrong? "The words were always spoken to counteract heart who want to jump. Body felt oppressed by the ton stone wall. Mulutpun want to remove curses.

Jahrah not want to feel it, but his body did not want to encourage compromise. He was revolted by the sound of his heart. Trying to breath again and again. He also resigned. "I'm jealous!" He hissed at the front of the mirror.

Aaron's cousin's arrival each week, making berdegub heart racing. There is a desire to deny his presence, but could not utter. Just a smile, extending his hand. Welcoming the arrival of an unwelcome guest.

Asthma, that's the name of the guest. Asthma and Aaron are very familiar. According Jahrah, it is unethical. Perhaps before Aaron got married, it's a natural thing.

"You do not like with his arrival?" Whispering Aaron on one evening. Jahrah looks a little awkward, his face like a lost moon light. His eyes were more often looked at her fingertips flicks.

Although only a month of their marriage, rupannya Aaron already knows the conditions of his wife if there was something not quite fit hearts. His wife bertype open. Whatever his mood, will shine on her face.

Asthma, which is always beautiful eyes twinkled, his face white. His cheeks were always flushed when exalted. Proportional body, straight black hair reached her waist. If he wants, maybe he could be a famous soap opera actress. She likes clothes that somewhat closed, though not veiled. Soft-spoken and beautiful ears to hear. Polite speech. Jahrah always pay attention to her facial features are also flashes when conversing with him.

Wish he'd told her husband: "The arrival of Asthma makes me uncomfortable!"

This Sunday, Asthma return visit. Dutch banana cake brought her husband's favorite.

"The hell not? Asma asked Aaron about the cake derivatives.

"If you are making, it would be nice deh!" With Aaron jokingly threw a glance at Jahrah.

Aaron was stunned for a moment, he saw the flush covering her face clouded over. Pias, maybe that's the right word. There was a slight feeling of guilt on himself. "How should I behave?". Aaron thought.

Aaron was silent for a moment, making asthma a bit surprised.

"Hi ... how could daydream while eating!" Asthma palms sway in front of his face.

"Nah tuh, Just trying to enjoy the cake! Do not be!? "Aaron tried to dodge the question, afraid to get caught if he is having a taste that completely wrong.

Asthma cousin and closest friend when small. Love it, it is impossible to be removed. Wonderful childhood memories with asthma make it sometimes smile to myself.

Asthma Kunjugan routine, it is his favorite. But Aaron knew that his wife kept a burden. Difficult choices in determining attitude. Asthma prohibit come, means make it miss. Kangennya often brought in a dream.

It was not her husband had feared closeness, but the charm Asthma Jahrah fear will fade bond of their love. Proximity as a brother, may be turned into fire could be extinguished romance.

Jahrah honestly do not like a visit to his home asthma. But asthma is always a routine visit to his house every week and apart from talking to her husband are also familiar with the girls. So when asthma at home, trying to stay warm Jahrah much grounded even though she was so tormented hearts. Jahrah always stressed to her that asthma is the brother of her husband. Asthma does not have one with him. Asthma perfect in her eyes because it was God who gives beauty. Why must hate Asthma?

That's always cool Jahrah heart.

"It's beautiful today. Hopefully this marriage lasting until the grandparents! "Jahrah greeted Asthma.

Today she was so sincere saying. No load. Ties that seemed to crush and then disappeared along with the dust flying.

That last meeting with him Jahrah. Until a few years, as if forgetting Jahrah figure who often make the bed awake at night.

Ooo ------- -------

Long enough period of 3 years passed. Seemed like only yesterday that Asma had an accident. The accident caused only a few scratches on his body, but fatal in nerves. When the accident, Asthma experience vomiting and fainted a few hours.

This meeting is the first meeting after the Asthma home town. Jahrah Then again met with a very different atmosphere. Meetings that make Jahrah not blink looked Asthma.

Her lips are dumb to say hello. Kencap heart beat. Not jealous as he had experienced early marriage, but the shock Jahrah when Asma greeted with a smile.

"Old Asthma not seen ya ... miss!"

"We missed too lho! 3 years've not seen. "Jahrah Asthma tight embrace. Jealousy is never stopped in his heart, gave him a little guilty. Asthma Condition wonderful surprise, made him reconsider about a "beauty".

"Look at my house keys?". Asma asked the disekililingnya. He was busy reaching into her skirt pocket, and then find on the coffee table. Back and forth to the room, kitchen and yard. Not seen.

The man looked sadly at her house. Asthma senile start again. Did not he realize he was living in this house, the house parents. There was a drop of water falling on lap Jahrah nodes.

Jahrah look like old daughter Asma 50s. The new asthma aged 30 years, looked thin and dull. If we talked to him often do not connect. Asthma is often forgotten by what he had done.

"Oh ... I live here huh?" Asthma muttering to himself. There was a soft smile at the corner of his lips.

"Excuse me, I'm not praying Dhuhr. Sorry I live. "Civility is dimiliknya remain.

Asma's beauty fades, but its nature is still there: Gentle, Polite and likes to have her fixed smile.

Jahrah even an enlightened sense of beauty. Nothing is eternal beauty. One's personality that will bring death.

Asma died at the age of 32 years, giving lessons on how we should view this life only once, making Jahrah added close to the Creator.

Women in Islamic societies (Joseph Qardhawi)

Islam came, while most men deny the humanity of women and others doubt it. There also will acknowledge their humanity, but they regard her as a creature that was created solely to serve men.

So is' izzah and glory of Islam, because he has glorified women and confirms the existence of humanity as well as eligibility to receive taklif (task) and responsibility, revenge, and also entitled to enter Paradise. Islam respect women as human dignity. As men, women also have rights of humanity, because both come from one tree and they are two brothers who were born by a father (the father), Adam, and a single mother of Hawwa.

Both come from one and the same descent in the character of humanity in general. Both are equal in terms of burden and responsibility, and in akherat will be equally accept retaliation. Thus it was portrayed by Al Karim Qur'anul as follows:

"O mankind, bertaqwalah to your Lord who created you from a single self, and from him God created isterinnya; and from both God breed of men and women that much. And bertaqwalah to God that with the (use) his name ye ask each other one another, and (guard) silaturrahmi relationship. Allah always keep and watch you. " (An-Nisa ': 1)

If all humans, both men and women were created by their Lord from a single soul (Adam), and from the soul the one that God created his wife in order to both enhance each other - as described by Al Koran - later than one family God that breed of men and women who are many, all of which are servants of the One God, and are the children of one father and one mother, then persaudaraanlah which should unite them.

Therefore, the Qur'an ordered the human to always devoted to God and maintain a relationship of affection between them. The Word of God:

"... And bertaqwalah to God using His name you ask each other one another, and (guard) silaturrahim relationship." (An-Nisa ': 1)

With the explanation of the Qur'an, this is the man and woman is the sister of male siblings. Rasulullah SAW said:

"Surely no other woman is a male sibling." (Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawad and Thnõidzi)

About equality between women and men in freedom of religion and worship obligation, the Qur'an says the following:

"Verily, men and women who are Muslims, men and women who are believers, men and women who remained in his obedience, both men and women who are honest, men and women who are patient, men and women which Khushuu ', men and women who give alms, men and women who fast, men and women who maintain kehormatanrya, men and women who many call (name) of God, God has provided for them forgiveness and a reward large. " (Al Ahzab: 35)

On the issue takalif (obligations) the principal religious and social, the Qur'an equates the two, as the word of Allah SWT:

"And those who believe men and women, some of them (is) be a helper for others. They had (only) a ma'ruf, prevent it from being munkar, establish the prayer, practice regular charity, and they obey Allah and His Messenger. They would be given the grace of God: verily Allah is Mighty, Wise. " (At Taubah: 71)

In the story of Adam, the divine obligation were addressed to him and his wife are the same. Almighty Allah says:

"Hi Adam, you and your wife diamilah this paradise, and eat food-good food that much more wherever you like, and do not approach this tree, which causes you to include people who zhalim." (Al Baqarah: 35)

But that was actually in the story as stated by the Qur'an, that the error was addressed to the devil, not to the Hawwa.

"Then they both digelincirkan by the devil from heaven, and removed from its original state ..." (Al Baqarah: 36)

Not merely Hawwa who ate the fruit of that tree, not him who started, but the mistake of Adam and Hawwa is equally as remorse and repentance was carried out by both:

Both of them said, "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if Thou forgive us and give grace to us, so for sure we include people who are the losers." (Al A'raf: 23)

Even in other verses, the mistake was leaning to Adam alone:

"And We have enjoined on Adam before, but he forgot (to order), and we did not find her strong will." (Taha: 115)

"Then the devil whispering evil thoughts to him (Adam), by saying," O Adam, will I show you the Tree of Eternity and kingdom that will not perish. "(Taha: 120)

"And their Lord and Adam durhakalah sesatlah it." (Taha: 121)

"Then the Lord chose, He received taubatnya and gave him guidance." (Taha: 122)

This all proves that Adamlah which disobeying Allaah, while his wife just followed.

In any case, the error Hawwa only he who bears, while the decline in child and apart from the act of sin. Because sin can not be imposed on someone else. Almighty Allah says:

"That is the last ummah; him what you've earned and what you've earned, and you never will be questioned about what they have done." (Al Baqarah1: 134.141)

Women to men is the same in that both will receive their recompense of goodness and go to heaven. Almighty Allah says:

"So their Lord permit application (to say), 'Assuredly, I did not waste the people who labor among you, whether male or female. (Because) some of you are descendants of some of the others ....' "(Ali 'Imran: 195)

From this verse it is clear that charitable deeds that a person will not be in vain in the sight of Allah Almighty, both men and women. Both are derived from a single ground and from a single mold. Allah Almighty also says:

"Those who do good deeds, whether male or female in keaanan believe, then Verily We shall give him a good life and We gave sesungguhnnya will reward them with a better reward than what they have done." (An-Nahl: 97)

"Those who do righteous deeds, whether man or woman is she who believed, and they get into heaven, and although they are not persecuted at all." (An-Nisa ': 124)

About property rights for women, Islam has canceled the tradition that is often true in most communities in the world, whether Arabs or 'negate ajam namely property rights and inheritance rights for women or narrow for them to use what they have. Also monopolistic attitude of the husband toward his wife treasure. Then Islam assign property rights for women with various types and branches as well as the right to use it. So the law established wills and inheritance laws for women as for men. Islam also gave women the right of buying and selling, leasing, grants (gift), loans, waqaf, charity, kafalah, hawalah, pledge and the rights of others.

Including those rights is the right to maintain their wealth and to defend himself, to complain to the law, in a variety of activities are allowed.

PROCESS ENTRY OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA

Some Opinions About Early entry of Islam in Indonesia.

1st. Go to the Indonesian Islamic In the 7th century:
1st. Seminar on the entry of Islam in Indonesia (in Aceh), most basic is the way Al Mas'udi records, stating that in the year 675 AD, there were envoys from the Arab Muslim kings who visited the Kalinga. In 648 years there has been explained by the Muslim Arab colony on the east coast of Sumatra.
2. From Harry W. Hazard in the Atlas of Islamic History (1954), explained that the Muslims went to Indonesia in the 7th century AD by Muslim traders who always stopped at Sumatra in his journey to China.
3. From Futher Gerini in India and Indo-Malay Archipelago, in which explains that the Muslims already in the region of India, Indonesia, and Malaya between the years 606-699 AD
4th. Prof. Sayed Naguib Al-Attas in Preliminary Statemate on the General Theory of Islamization of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago (1969), in which revealed that the Muslims already in the Malay-Indonesian archipelago of 672 M.
5. Prof. Sayed Qodratullah Fatimy in Islam comes to Malaysia reveals that in the year 674 AD Arab Muslims had come to Malaya.
6. Prof. S. Huseyn Nainar Muhammad, in a paper titled ceramahnay Islam in India and its relationship with Indonesia, said that some written sources describe the Muslims of India on the existing 687-year relationship with the Muslims of Indonesia.
7. W.P. Groeneveld in Historical Notes on Indonesia and Malaya compiled From Chinese sources, explains that in the T'ang Dynasty Tale tells of visiting the Muslim Aarb Holing (Kalinga, 674 years). (Shih Ta = Arab Muslims).
8. T.W. Arnold in the book The Preching of Islam a History of the Propagation of the Moslem Faith, explained that Islam came from Arabia to Indonesia in H 1 (Ages 7 M).

1st. Sign Into Indonesian Islam in the 11th century:
1st. The only source of long-This is the discovery of tombs in the area Learn Manyar, Gresik, which is the tomb of Fatimah Bint Maimoon and his entourage. In the tomb there prasati Arabic alphabet that's down year Riq'ah (dimasehikan 1082)
2. Sign Into Indonesian Islam at Century 13:
1st. Marcopolo travel records, stating that he found the existence of the Islamic empire Ferlec (maybe Peureulack) in Aceh, in the year 1292 AD
2. K.F.H. van Langen, based on news China has called the kingdom of Pase (maybe Pasai) in Aceh in 1298 AD
3. J.P. Moquette in te Pase De Grafsteen Grisse Vergeleken Met en uit Dergelijk Monumenten hindoesten, declared that Islam was introduced to Indonesia in the 13th century.
4th. Some western scholars such as R.A Kern; C. Snouck Hurgronje; and Schrieke, are more likely to conclude that Islam entered Indonesia in the 13th century, based on the existence of some of the silk Saudah Islam in the Indonesian region.

Who bearer of Islam to Indonesia?

Before the influence of Islam into Indonesia, the region already have trade contacts, both from Arabic, Persian, India and China. Islam is accommodative, acculturation, and syncretism pervasive and have influence in the Arab, Persia, India and China. Through trade that Islam entered the region of Indonesia. Thus the Arabs, Persians, Indians and China have launched a development nadil Indonesian Islam in the region.

Gujarat (India)

Muslim traders from Gujarat, to spread Islam by the evidence among others:

1st. Gujarati style carved gravestones.
2. India's customs and culture of Islam.

Persian

Persian traders spread Islam with some evidence among others:

1st. The title "Shah" for the kings in Indonesia.
2. Effect of flow "Wihdatul Being" (Sheikh Siti Jenar).
3. Madzab Shiite Influence (Ark Hasan and Husen).

Arabic

Many Arab traders settled on the shores of the Indonesian archipelago, with evidence, among others:

1st. According to al Mas'udi in 916 years has seen the Arab Community of Oman, Hidramaut, Al Basrah, and Bahrein to spread Islam in the neighborhood, around Sumatra, Java, and Malacca.
2. the emergence of the name "Arab village" and the Arabic tradition of the community, many of introducing Islam.

China

The merchants and the navy of China (Ma Huan, Admiral Cheng Ho / Dampo cloud?), Introducing Islam in the coastal and inland Java and Sumatra, with evidence such as:

1st. Stone Building in semarang (China-style mosque).
2. Some of China's Muslim cemetery.
3. Some guardians are possible descendants of China.

From several nations who brought Islam to Indonesia in general cultural approach, resulting in cultural dialogue and interaction of social tolerance (Umar Kayam: 1989)

Beginning the process of spread of Islam in Indonesia

1st. Trade and Marriage

By waiting angina monsoon (6 months), the traders entered into marriage with the natives. From that marriage is a social interaction that delivers the developing Islamic (Muslim community).

2. The formation of Islamic society from the 'bottom' of the people of the bottom layer, and influential to the bureaucrats (JC Van Leur).

3. Da'wa movement, through two channels yaitau:

a. Islamic clerics to spread around (with the approach of Acculturation and Sinkretisasi / symbol-a symbol of culture).

b. Islamic Education (ngasu science / cistern / well), through the institution / sisitem educational Boarding School, Kyai as leaders, and students as a student.

Of the three models is the development of Islam, an Islamic relitas highly sought after and fastest growing in Indonesia. Nevertheless, the understanding and actualization keberagman intensity varies according to the Islamic community in the ability to digest.

Found in history, that more intense pesantrean community diversity, and communication links "ukhuwah" (brotherhood / bond of blood and religion) is strong. The process of relationship "ukhuwah" It shows that the world of communications and later school have become the backbone in the fight against Colonia

Birth of Islam in Indonesian history

Islam is one of the major religions in the world today. Religion was born and developed in Arabic. Its founder is Muhammad. Religion was born one of them as a reaction to the low level of human morality at the time. Humans at that time living in a state of low morale and ignorance (ignorance). They no longer heed the teachings of previous prophets. It causes human beings are at the lowest point. Idolatry, murder, adultery, and other low action rampant.

Islam began airing around the year 612 in Mecca. Because the spread of this new religion with challenges posed by their environment, Muhammad later moved (hijra) to Medina in 622. From this evolved into the world of Islam.

Muhammad established his authority in Medina area. His government is based on the Islamic government. Muhammad then tried to propagate Islam to expand its territory.

After Muhammad died in 632, the process of disseminating Islam followed by the caliph, who appointed Muhammad.

Until the year 750, the abode of Islam has been covering the Arabian Peninsula, Palestine, North Africa, Iraq, Syria, Persia, Egypt, Sicily, Spain, Asia Minor, Russia, Afghanistan and the regions of Central Asia. In this period is the Umayyad dynasty which ruled the capital city of Damascus.

In the year 750, the Umayyads were defeated by the Abbasids who then ruled until the year 1258 with a capital in Baghdad. At this time, not many made the expansion of territory. More concentration on the development of science, culture and Islamic civilization. Baghdad became the center of trade, culture and science.

After the Abbasid rule, the rule of Islam split. This split resulted in many of the breakaway region. As a result, the spread of Islam carried out individually. This religion can evolve rapidly because Islam regulates the relationship of man and God. Islamic redistributed without the compulsion for people to hug.



Entry Process and Development of Islam in Indonesia

History records that the merchants have an important role in the spread of Islamic religion and culture. Strategic location of Indonesia, which led to the emergence of trade bandarbandar who helped accelerate the spread of these. In addition, another way of contributing is through propaganda that made the preachers.

a. The Role of Traders

Like the spread of Hindu-Buddhist religion, the merchants held

important role in the process of spreading the religion of Islam, both traders from outside Indonesia

and Indonesian traders.

The traders come and trade in the trading centers in the coastal areas. Malacca is a transit center merchants. In addition, ports in the vicinity of Malacca as perlak and Ocean Pasai also visited by the merchants.

They live in these places for a long time, waiting for the arrival of monsoons. At the time waiting for this, there antarpedagang assimilation of various nations and between traders and local residents. Tempers activities introduce each other customs, culture and even religion. Not only do the trade, even going assimilation through marriage.

Among traders, there are traders Arabic, Persian, and Gujarati are generally Muslim. They introduced the religion and Islamic culture to other traders or to local residents. So, start there are Indonesian citizens who converted to Islam. Over time the more Islamic religion. Even then developed township Muslim traders in the coastal areas.

Local residents who have embraced Islam later spread Islam to fellow traders, as well as to relatives relatives. Finally, Islam began to flourish in Indonesian society. In addition, traders and voyagers, there was also a local resident who is married with a family and thus was born the children of Islam.

This went on for many years so that eventually emerged a Muslim community, who after finally form a strong Islamic governance. From there the birth of Islamic sultanates in the archipelago.

b. Bandar-Bandar role in Indonesia

Bandar is a berth ships or merchant ships stopover. Bandar is also a trade center, and even used as the residence of the entrepreneur shipping. As an island nation located on the path to international trade, Indonesia has many airports. These ports have an important role and meaning of Islam in the process of entry into Indonesia.

At bandar-bandar These traders Islamite introduces Islamic told traders else nor told locals. Thus, the airport into the center entrance and spread of Islam to Indonesia. If we see geographical position cities center kingdom which patterned Islam on umunya situated in coastal-coastal and estuaries.

During its development, such ports are generally grown into the city and some even into the kingdom, like perlak, Ocean Pasai, Palembang, Banten, Sunda Kelapa, Cirebon, Demak, Jepara, Tuban, Gresik, Banjarmasin, Gowa, Ternate, and Tidore. Many airports leaders who embraced Islam. As a result, many people were later converted to Islam.

The role of ports as a trade center we can see his tracks. The traders in the city has its own village placement is determined with the approval of city authorities, such as in Aceh, there was a Portuguese colony, Benggalu Chinese, Gujarati, Arabic, and Pegu.

So also in Banten and the market towns of other kingdoms. From the above description can be concluded that the cities on the growth and development of Islam have characteristics almost the same between the other is located on the coast, there is a market, there is a mosque, there are villages, and there is where the rulers (sultans).

c. Role of The Guardian and the Ulama

One way to spread the Islamic religion is a way mendakwah. Besides being a merchant, Muslim traders also act as preachers. There is also the preachers who came together traders with his religious mission. The spread of Islam through da'wah is run by clerics preaching came to public objects, using a sociocultural approach. This pattern of use of acculturation, namely using the type flown by the local culture with Islamic teachings in it. In addition, these scholars also established Islamic schools as a means of Islamic education.

In Java, the spread of Islam carried out by the Wali Sanga (9 guardian). Guardians are those who have reached certain levels in the draw closer to God. The guardians are close to the palace. They are the people who provide for endorsement of legitimacy of a person to the throne. They also are advisers of the Sultan.

Because close to the palace, they were later given the title Sunan or susuhunan (which upheld). Ninth guardian are as follows.

(1) Sunan Gresik (Maulana Malik Ibrahim). This is the mayor who first came to Java in the 13th century and spread of Islam in the vicinity of Gresik. Buried in Gresik, East Java.

(2) Sunan Ampel (Raden Rahmat). Islamic broadcasts in Ampel, Surabaya, East Java. He is the designer of the Demak Mosque development.

(3) Sunan degrees (Syarifudin). Son of Sunan Ampel. Religious broadcasting in the vicinity of Surabaya. A very spirited sunan social.

(4) Sunan Bonang (Makdum Abraham). Son of Sunan Ampel. Islamic broadcasts in Tuban, Lasem, and Apex. Sunan very wise.

(5) Sunan Kalijaga (Raden Mas Said / Jake Said). Pupils Sunan Bonang. Islamic broadcasting in Central Java. A leader, poet, and philosopher. Religious broadcasting by adjusting the local environment.

(6) Sunan Giri (Raden Paku). Islamic broadcasts outside Java, the Madurese, Bawean, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku. Religious broadcasting by playing methods.

(7) Sunan Kudus (Jafar Sodiq). Islam in the Holy broadcast, Central Java. An art expert building. The result is a Mosque and Minaret.

(8) Sunan Muria (Raden Umar Said). Islamic broadcasts on the slopes of Mount Muria, located between Jepara and Kudus, Central Java. Very close to the commoners.

(9) Sunan Gunung Jati (Sharif Hidayatullah). Broadcast Islam in Banten, Sunda Kelapa, and Cirebon. A high-minded leader.

3. When and where Islam Sign in Indonesia

History records that since the beginning of AD, traders from India and China already have trade relations with the Indonesian population. However, when exactly Islam exists in the archipelago?

The entry of Islam to Indonesia cause various theories. Although there are several opinions regarding the arrival of Islam in Indonesia, many historians tend to believe that entry of Islam to Indonesia in the 7th century under the Tang Dynasty Chinese News. The news was noted that in the 7th century, there is a settlement of the Arab Muslim traders in the village Baros, North Sumatra's west coast.

13th century AD is more pointed on the development of Islam along with the growth of Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia. This opinion is based on records that describe the journeys of Marco Polo that he once stopped at perlak in the year 1292 and met with people who have embraced Islam.

Evidence that helped strengthen this argument is the discovery of the tomb tombstone Pasai Ocean King, Sultan Malik al-Saleh's down year in 1297.

If sequenced from west to east, Islam first entered in the patent, the northern part of Sumatra. It includes strategic patent position, namely in the area of the Strait of Malacca, international trade sea route from west to east. Next is the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai.

In Java, Islam entered via the north coast of Java island is marked by the discovery of the tomb of Fatimah bint Hibatullah Maimun son who died in 475 Hijri or 1082 AD in the village of Learn, District Manyar, Gresik. Judging from its name, is a descendant of Fatima predicted Hibatullah, one dynasty in Persia. In addition, in Gresik was also found in the tomb of Malik Ibrahim from Kashan (a place in Persian) who died in 822 H or 1419 AD A little inland, in Mojokerto also found hundreds of graves of ancient Islam. The oldest tomb numbered from the year 1374 AD It is estimated that these tombs is the tomb of the Majapahit royal family.

In Kalimantan, Pontianak Islam entered via broadcast by the Arab nobleman named Sultan Sharif Abd-18th century. In the Pawan River, in Ketapang, West Kalimantan found an ancient Muslim cemetery. Figures in the oldest of these tombs is the year 1340 Saka (1418 AD). So, Islam had existed before the 15th century and is expected to come from because of Majapahit Majapahit-style tombs and ancient Javanese numbered years. In East Kalimantan, Islam went through Kutaisi carried by two people of Minangkabau religious broadcaster named Tuan Tuan Haji and Haji Tunggangparangan Flush. In South Kalimantan, the Islamic kingdom of Banjar entering through broadcast by Dayyan, a preacher (expert sermons) from Demak. In Central Kalimantan, the evidence found at the arrival of Islam mosque in Kotawaringin Ki Gede that reads the number in 1434 AD

In Sulawesi, Islam was introduced through the king and the people of Gowa-Tallo. This entry was carrying Islam to Sulawesi in Lontara Say. According to the note, the first king who converted to Islam is Kanjeng Matoaya, the fourth king of the Tallo who embraced Islam in 1603. The Islamic religious broadcasters in this area came among others from Demak, Tuban, Gresik, Minangkabau, even of Campa. In Maluku, entering through the northern part of Islam, ie, Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo. Islam in this region is estimated to broadcast by the four clerics from Iraq, namely Sheikh Amen, Mansyur Sheikh, Sheikh Omar, and Sheikh Jacob in the 8th century.