Birth of Islam in Indonesian history

Islam is one of the major religions in the world today. Religion was born and developed in Arabic. Its founder is Muhammad. Religion was born one of them as a reaction to the low level of human morality at the time. Humans at that time living in a state of low morale and ignorance (ignorance). They no longer heed the teachings of previous prophets. It causes human beings are at the lowest point. Idolatry, murder, adultery, and other low action rampant.

Islam began airing around the year 612 in Mecca. Because the spread of this new religion with challenges posed by their environment, Muhammad later moved (hijra) to Medina in 622. From this evolved into the world of Islam.

Muhammad established his authority in Medina area. His government is based on the Islamic government. Muhammad then tried to propagate Islam to expand its territory.

After Muhammad died in 632, the process of disseminating Islam followed by the caliph, who appointed Muhammad.

Until the year 750, the abode of Islam has been covering the Arabian Peninsula, Palestine, North Africa, Iraq, Syria, Persia, Egypt, Sicily, Spain, Asia Minor, Russia, Afghanistan and the regions of Central Asia. In this period is the Umayyad dynasty which ruled the capital city of Damascus.

In the year 750, the Umayyads were defeated by the Abbasids who then ruled until the year 1258 with a capital in Baghdad. At this time, not many made the expansion of territory. More concentration on the development of science, culture and Islamic civilization. Baghdad became the center of trade, culture and science.

After the Abbasid rule, the rule of Islam split. This split resulted in many of the breakaway region. As a result, the spread of Islam carried out individually. This religion can evolve rapidly because Islam regulates the relationship of man and God. Islamic redistributed without the compulsion for people to hug.



Entry Process and Development of Islam in Indonesia

History records that the merchants have an important role in the spread of Islamic religion and culture. Strategic location of Indonesia, which led to the emergence of trade bandarbandar who helped accelerate the spread of these. In addition, another way of contributing is through propaganda that made the preachers.

a. The Role of Traders

Like the spread of Hindu-Buddhist religion, the merchants held

important role in the process of spreading the religion of Islam, both traders from outside Indonesia

and Indonesian traders.

The traders come and trade in the trading centers in the coastal areas. Malacca is a transit center merchants. In addition, ports in the vicinity of Malacca as perlak and Ocean Pasai also visited by the merchants.

They live in these places for a long time, waiting for the arrival of monsoons. At the time waiting for this, there antarpedagang assimilation of various nations and between traders and local residents. Tempers activities introduce each other customs, culture and even religion. Not only do the trade, even going assimilation through marriage.

Among traders, there are traders Arabic, Persian, and Gujarati are generally Muslim. They introduced the religion and Islamic culture to other traders or to local residents. So, start there are Indonesian citizens who converted to Islam. Over time the more Islamic religion. Even then developed township Muslim traders in the coastal areas.

Local residents who have embraced Islam later spread Islam to fellow traders, as well as to relatives relatives. Finally, Islam began to flourish in Indonesian society. In addition, traders and voyagers, there was also a local resident who is married with a family and thus was born the children of Islam.

This went on for many years so that eventually emerged a Muslim community, who after finally form a strong Islamic governance. From there the birth of Islamic sultanates in the archipelago.

b. Bandar-Bandar role in Indonesia

Bandar is a berth ships or merchant ships stopover. Bandar is also a trade center, and even used as the residence of the entrepreneur shipping. As an island nation located on the path to international trade, Indonesia has many airports. These ports have an important role and meaning of Islam in the process of entry into Indonesia.

At bandar-bandar These traders Islamite introduces Islamic told traders else nor told locals. Thus, the airport into the center entrance and spread of Islam to Indonesia. If we see geographical position cities center kingdom which patterned Islam on umunya situated in coastal-coastal and estuaries.

During its development, such ports are generally grown into the city and some even into the kingdom, like perlak, Ocean Pasai, Palembang, Banten, Sunda Kelapa, Cirebon, Demak, Jepara, Tuban, Gresik, Banjarmasin, Gowa, Ternate, and Tidore. Many airports leaders who embraced Islam. As a result, many people were later converted to Islam.

The role of ports as a trade center we can see his tracks. The traders in the city has its own village placement is determined with the approval of city authorities, such as in Aceh, there was a Portuguese colony, Benggalu Chinese, Gujarati, Arabic, and Pegu.

So also in Banten and the market towns of other kingdoms. From the above description can be concluded that the cities on the growth and development of Islam have characteristics almost the same between the other is located on the coast, there is a market, there is a mosque, there are villages, and there is where the rulers (sultans).

c. Role of The Guardian and the Ulama

One way to spread the Islamic religion is a way mendakwah. Besides being a merchant, Muslim traders also act as preachers. There is also the preachers who came together traders with his religious mission. The spread of Islam through da'wah is run by clerics preaching came to public objects, using a sociocultural approach. This pattern of use of acculturation, namely using the type flown by the local culture with Islamic teachings in it. In addition, these scholars also established Islamic schools as a means of Islamic education.

In Java, the spread of Islam carried out by the Wali Sanga (9 guardian). Guardians are those who have reached certain levels in the draw closer to God. The guardians are close to the palace. They are the people who provide for endorsement of legitimacy of a person to the throne. They also are advisers of the Sultan.

Because close to the palace, they were later given the title Sunan or susuhunan (which upheld). Ninth guardian are as follows.

(1) Sunan Gresik (Maulana Malik Ibrahim). This is the mayor who first came to Java in the 13th century and spread of Islam in the vicinity of Gresik. Buried in Gresik, East Java.

(2) Sunan Ampel (Raden Rahmat). Islamic broadcasts in Ampel, Surabaya, East Java. He is the designer of the Demak Mosque development.

(3) Sunan degrees (Syarifudin). Son of Sunan Ampel. Religious broadcasting in the vicinity of Surabaya. A very spirited sunan social.

(4) Sunan Bonang (Makdum Abraham). Son of Sunan Ampel. Islamic broadcasts in Tuban, Lasem, and Apex. Sunan very wise.

(5) Sunan Kalijaga (Raden Mas Said / Jake Said). Pupils Sunan Bonang. Islamic broadcasting in Central Java. A leader, poet, and philosopher. Religious broadcasting by adjusting the local environment.

(6) Sunan Giri (Raden Paku). Islamic broadcasts outside Java, the Madurese, Bawean, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku. Religious broadcasting by playing methods.

(7) Sunan Kudus (Jafar Sodiq). Islam in the Holy broadcast, Central Java. An art expert building. The result is a Mosque and Minaret.

(8) Sunan Muria (Raden Umar Said). Islamic broadcasts on the slopes of Mount Muria, located between Jepara and Kudus, Central Java. Very close to the commoners.

(9) Sunan Gunung Jati (Sharif Hidayatullah). Broadcast Islam in Banten, Sunda Kelapa, and Cirebon. A high-minded leader.

3. When and where Islam Sign in Indonesia

History records that since the beginning of AD, traders from India and China already have trade relations with the Indonesian population. However, when exactly Islam exists in the archipelago?

The entry of Islam to Indonesia cause various theories. Although there are several opinions regarding the arrival of Islam in Indonesia, many historians tend to believe that entry of Islam to Indonesia in the 7th century under the Tang Dynasty Chinese News. The news was noted that in the 7th century, there is a settlement of the Arab Muslim traders in the village Baros, North Sumatra's west coast.

13th century AD is more pointed on the development of Islam along with the growth of Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia. This opinion is based on records that describe the journeys of Marco Polo that he once stopped at perlak in the year 1292 and met with people who have embraced Islam.

Evidence that helped strengthen this argument is the discovery of the tomb tombstone Pasai Ocean King, Sultan Malik al-Saleh's down year in 1297.

If sequenced from west to east, Islam first entered in the patent, the northern part of Sumatra. It includes strategic patent position, namely in the area of the Strait of Malacca, international trade sea route from west to east. Next is the Kingdom of Samudra Pasai.

In Java, Islam entered via the north coast of Java island is marked by the discovery of the tomb of Fatimah bint Hibatullah Maimun son who died in 475 Hijri or 1082 AD in the village of Learn, District Manyar, Gresik. Judging from its name, is a descendant of Fatima predicted Hibatullah, one dynasty in Persia. In addition, in Gresik was also found in the tomb of Malik Ibrahim from Kashan (a place in Persian) who died in 822 H or 1419 AD A little inland, in Mojokerto also found hundreds of graves of ancient Islam. The oldest tomb numbered from the year 1374 AD It is estimated that these tombs is the tomb of the Majapahit royal family.

In Kalimantan, Pontianak Islam entered via broadcast by the Arab nobleman named Sultan Sharif Abd-18th century. In the Pawan River, in Ketapang, West Kalimantan found an ancient Muslim cemetery. Figures in the oldest of these tombs is the year 1340 Saka (1418 AD). So, Islam had existed before the 15th century and is expected to come from because of Majapahit Majapahit-style tombs and ancient Javanese numbered years. In East Kalimantan, Islam went through Kutaisi carried by two people of Minangkabau religious broadcaster named Tuan Tuan Haji and Haji Tunggangparangan Flush. In South Kalimantan, the Islamic kingdom of Banjar entering through broadcast by Dayyan, a preacher (expert sermons) from Demak. In Central Kalimantan, the evidence found at the arrival of Islam mosque in Kotawaringin Ki Gede that reads the number in 1434 AD

In Sulawesi, Islam was introduced through the king and the people of Gowa-Tallo. This entry was carrying Islam to Sulawesi in Lontara Say. According to the note, the first king who converted to Islam is Kanjeng Matoaya, the fourth king of the Tallo who embraced Islam in 1603. The Islamic religious broadcasters in this area came among others from Demak, Tuban, Gresik, Minangkabau, even of Campa. In Maluku, entering through the northern part of Islam, ie, Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo. Islam in this region is estimated to broadcast by the four clerics from Iraq, namely Sheikh Amen, Mansyur Sheikh, Sheikh Omar, and Sheikh Jacob in the 8th century.